song by Yahweh and brief but spirited objections by individual Israelites. The outline of thought carried by the dialogue is: Leviathan is to be judged (v 1). (Song of the Vineyard, vv 2–5). Jacob will take root and flourish (v 6). The desolation is a witness that this is a people without understanding (vv 10–11). Yahweh will thresh and gather the exiled Israelites (v 12). They will come and worship Yahweh on Zion (v 13). It is instructive to note what is missing which might have been expected. There